Cardiac Surgery, today has evolved into a service which is in demand everywhere especially in India and the developing world.

An ageing population and the epidemic of Coronary Artery Disease which India and surrounding countries face make cardiac surgical facilities essential.

Operating on the most Central Organ of the body demands the best of Human Resources, Technical Skills, Equipment and Team effort. There are no margins for error. World class centers have a mortality of less than 1% in uncomplicated Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

AHI has set a benchmark in cardiac care in the country & our results are one of the best in the country. Our world class surgical team performed over 1258 cardiac surgeries in 2008 with an average mortality of 0.5%. Our mortality for isolated bypass surgery was 0.37% which is one of the best in the world. Apart from the Coronary Artery Surgery, the Department does the following operations on a routine basis ...

Complex aortic aneurysms

Redo Surgeries including Bypass Surgery

The Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation

Valve Repair and Replacement

Aneurysm Surgery of Aorta and Blood vessels

... are all done by the department with results on par with the best centers.

Our Pediatric surgical team operates on all types of cardiac conditions in children.

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In the year 2008, we performed 58 redo bypass surgeries with no mortality. Similarly in 2007, we performed 52 redo bypass surgeries with no mortality.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Ventricular Aneurysm

Mitral Valve Surgery

Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Surgery

The Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) involves bypassing major blocks in the blood vessels of the heart to improve the blood to the cardiac muscle (myocardium). The conduits used for bypass grafting can be veins taken from the legs or arterial conduits which include the mammary arteries from the chest wall, the radial artery from the forearm and an artery from near the stomach.

Though the venous conduits are commonly used; arterial conduits are far superior as they last much longer providing relief to the patients for many more years than venous conduits. At AHI more than 96% of all bypass operations are done using the arterial conduits on a beating heart without the use of the heart - lung machine. The fact that all Coronary cases are done on the beating heart and arterial conduits are used in 96 % of cases means lesser complications and longer survival for the patients.

The following pictures have been taken in our operating room and show various stages of the operation.

In this picture the top end of the radial artery graft has been joined to the aorta to provide blood to the affected myocardium.

This picture shows the distal ends of the arterial grafts which are connected to the coronary arteries

This picture shows the distal coronary artery which has been opened for grafting. The size of the coronary artery in the average Indian patient varies between 1 to 2 mm in diameter.

The graft has been sutured to one of the blood vessels to provide adequate blood flow and thereby prevent a heart attack and / or anginal pain. The stitching is done with surgical sutures which are thinner than the human hair.

In advanced coronary disease almost the entire inner lining of the artery is thickened and hard. The plaques have to be removed before bypass grafting, a procedure called Coronary Endarterectomy

The following two pictures show the endarterectomy specimen which resembles a plaster cast of the artery and its branches.

Endarterectomy 1: Atherosclerotic (fatty) deposits in the shape of coronary arteries, removed from within an artery (endarterectomy)

This is the end result of long standing coronary artery disease with the obstruction of the artery

Following a heart attack sometimes part of the muscle gets so badly damaged that it is replaced by hard rough fibrous tissue which does not contract and leads to formation of blood clots on its inner surface. These blood clots can dislodge and travel to the brain causing serious strokes and sometimes death.

Pieces of clot removed from the heart in the previous picture.

Following removal of clots and excision of aneurysm the normal muscle of the heart is stitched together.

A view of the diseased mitral valve at operation. The patient is on cardio pulmonary bypass (heart lung machine) and valve shows areas of infection on its leaflets.